Antihyperglycemic Activity of Oregano (Origanum vulgare) and Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaf Extract Mixture on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Keywords:
Pharmacy, Antihyperglycemic activity, Oregano, Mango, Alloxan-induced diabetes, Median Effective Dose (ED50), Approximate Effective Dose (AED), PhilippinesAbstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels caused by insulin deficiency or resistance.
Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the antihyperglycemic effects of mango (Mangifera indica L.) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaf extracts (OMX) on female albino rats with alloxan-induced diabetes, through the determination of median effective dose (ED50) and approximate effective dose (AED).
Methods: Twenty-one (21) rats were divided into seven groups. Five groups received varying doses of OMX (1 mg/kg, 4.98 mg/kg, 20.78 mg/kg, 83.88 mg/kg, and 335.08 mg/kg of body weight); one group received acarbose (32.28 mg/kg) as the positive control, and another received normal saline solution as the negative control. Blood glucose levels were measured before treatment and 1 hr, 4 hrs, 6 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs, and 72 hrs after treatment. ED50 and apparent effective dose were calculated.
Results: The ED₅₀ of the OMX mixture was 12.94 mg/kg body weight, while the AED required to achieve a glucose reduction equivalent to acarbose (70.66%) was 1,330.85 mg/kg. Compared to acarbose, the OMX extract demonstrated a noticeable blood sugar-lowering effect, although it was descriptively less potent.
Conclusion: The rats treated with OMX generally showed a decline in blood glucose levels, suggesting a potential benefit. However, the differences between the treatment groups were not statistically significant during the observation period. While the extract shows potential, the findings emphasize the need for more investigation. Future research should focus on identifying the exact active chemicals, improving the extraction method, and investigating the effects over a longer treatment time. This will aid in understanding its potential as an alternative or supportive treatment for diabetes.
References
Beery, A. K., & Zucker, I. (2011). Sex bias in neuroscience and biomedical research. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(3), 565–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.07.002
Furman, B. L. (2021). Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Models in Mice and Rats. Current Protocols, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.78
Gardezi, S. N. H., Akhtar, M. T., Qadir, R., Mustaqeem, M., Batool, S., Siddique, A. B., Alhumade, H., Tahir, M. H., & Saadia, M. (2022). Biological and Hypoglycemic Effects of a Polyherbal Extract on Alloxanized Diabetic Rats. ACS Omega, 7(51), 47755–47763. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c05363
Gorospe, J. M., Guevarra, M. L., & Reyes, A. I. (2014). THE ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF THE FLAVONOID EXTRACT FROM THE LEAVES OF BALETE (Ficus benjamina L., Moraceae) IN ORAL GLUCOSE SOLUTION INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIC SWISS MICE. Herdin.ph. https://www.herdin.ph/index.php/partner/journal?view=research&cid=78660
Gutiérrez-Grijalva, E. P., Marilena Antunes-Ricardo, Acosta-Estrada, B. A., Gutiérrez-Uribe, J. A., & J. Basilio Heredia. (2019). Cellular antioxidant activity and in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and pancreatic lipase of oregano polyphenols under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. 116, 676–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.096
Ighodaro, O. M., Adeosun, A. M., & Akinloye, O. A. (2017). Alloxan-induced diabetes, a common model for evaluating the glycemic-control potential of therapeutic compounds and plants extracts in experimental studies. Medicina, 53(6), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medici.2018.02.001
Kumar, M., Saurabh, V., Tomar, M., Hasan, M., Changan, S., Sasi, M., Maheshwari, C., Prajapati, U., Singh, S., Prajapat, R. K., Dhumal, S., Punia, S., Amarowicz, R., & Mekhemar, M. (2021). Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities. Antioxidants, 10(2), 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020299
Lemhadri, A., Zeggwagh, N. A., Maghrani, M., Jouad, H., & Eddouks, M. (2004). Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare growing wild in Tafilalet region. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 92(2-3), 251–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.026
Lewis, J. H. (2024, October 19). In Vivo Experimentation: Significance and Methodologies. IntegratingPulse. https://integratingpulse.com/articles/in-vivo-experimentation-overview/
Li, S. P., Zhao, J., & Wang, Y. T. (2008). Synergy or antagonism: The crossroads of botanical therapeutics. In R. Cooper & J. S. Kronenberg (Eds.), Botanical medicine: From bench to bedside (pp. 141–158). CRC Press.
Maramba-Lazarte, C. (2020). Benefits of Mainstreaming Herbal Medicine in the Philippine Healthcare System. Acta Medica Philippina, 54(1). https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v54i1.1078
Moukette, B. M., Ama Moor, V. J., Biapa Nya, C. P., Nanfack, P., Nzufo, F. T., Kenfack, M. A., Ngogang, J. Y., & Pieme, C. A. (2017). Antioxidant and Synergistic Antidiabetic Activities of a Three-Plant Preparation Used in Cameroon Folk Medicine. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2017, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9501675
Omeodu, S. I., Uahomo, P. O., & Porobe, V. L. (2022). Antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects of combined aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica and Mangifera indica in alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic Wistar rats. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 8(10), 249–256
Parasuraman, S., Thing, G., & Dhanaraj, S. (2014). Polyherbal formulation: Concept of Ayurveda. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 8(16), 73. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.134229
Perumal, N., Nallappan, M., Shohaimi, S., Kassim, N. K., Tee, T. T., & Cheah, Y. H. (2022). Synergistic antidiabetic activity of Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg and Momordica charantia L. polyherbal combination. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 145, 112401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112401
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2023, May 16). 2022 Causes of Deaths in the Philippines (Preliminary as of 28 February 2023) | Philippine Statistics Authority. Psa.gov.ph. https://psa.gov.ph/content/2022-causes-deaths-philippines-preliminary-28-february-2023
Saleem, M., Tanvir, M., Akhtar, M. F., Iqbal, M., & Saleem, A. (2019). Antidiabetic Potential of Mangifera indica L. cv. Anwar Ratol Leaves: Medicinal Application of Food Wastes. Medicina, 55(7), 353. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070353
Thanh, N. D., Thu, T. H., & Thi, V. A. N. (2022). Study on the hypoglycemic effect of mango leaf extract grown in Son La. Heavy Metals and Arsenic Concentrations in Water, Agricultural Soil and Rice in Ngan Son District, Bac Kan Province, Vietnam, 5(2), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.3911
Wagner, H., & Ulrich-Merzenich, G. (2009). Synergy research: approaching a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 16(2-3), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2008.12.018
Wang, C.-Z., Calway, T., & Yuan, C.-S. (2012). Herbal Medicines as Adjuvants for Cancer Therapeutics. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 40(04), 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x12500498
World Health Organization. (2024, November 14). Diabetes. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Root Gatherers
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
